Predicting sleep quality based on self-care behaviors and treatment adherence in elderly people with chronic pain.
Subject Areas : PsychologySharareh karambin 1 , Khadije bay 2 , Maria Maghsoudlou mahali 3
1 -
2 - Master of Education Sciences(Curriculum Planning), Department of Educational Sciences, Azad Shahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Azad Shahr, Iran.
3 - Master of Clinical Psychology, Department of Psychology, BG.C., Islamic Azad University, Bandar Gaz, Iran.
Keywords: Sleep Quality, Self-Care Behaviors, Adherence to Treatment, Elderly, Chronic Pain.,
Abstract :
The purpose of the present study was to predict sleep quality based on self-care behaviors and adherence to treatment in the elderly with chronic pain. The present study design was descriptive and correlational. The statistical population of the present study included all male elderly referring to elderly care centers in Gonbad city in 2024, from which 140 people who were willing to participate in the study and met the inclusion criteria were selected by purposive sampling. The research tools included the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Questionnaire, the aging's self-care behaviors scale by Younesi Borujeni et al, and Medanloo's treatment adherence. The results of the Pearson correlation test showed that there is a negative and significant relationship between self-care behaviors and treatment adherence with sleep quality in the elderly with chronic pain (p<0.05). This means that with an increase in the scores in the variables of self-care behaviors and treatment adherence, sleep quality scores decrease. Also, the results of multivariate regression analysis showed that self-care behaviors and treatment adherence can negatively and significantly predict sleep quality (p<0.05). These findings highlight the importance of paying attention to promoting self-care and adherence to treatment in improving sleep quality and, consequently, improving the mental and physical health of the elderly.
Alnawwar, M. A., Alraddadi, M. I., Algethmi, R. A., Salem, G. A., Salem, M. A., & Alharbi, A. A. (2023). The Effect of Physical Activity on Sleep Quality and Sleep Disorder: A Systematic Review. Cureus, 15 (8), e43595. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.43595.
Amato, L., Giannetta, N., Taborri, S., Dionisi, S., Panattoni, N., Di Simone, E., De Leo, A., Liquori, G., Orsi, G. B., Fabbian, F., & Di Muzio, M. (2024). Sleep Quality and Medication Adherence in Older Adults: A Systematic Review. Clocks & sleep, 6 (3), 488–498. https://doi.org/10.3390/clockssleep6030032
Bandyopadhyay, N., Das, T., Biswas, A., & Koley, A. (2023). Effects of yogic intervention on sleep quality of healthy elderly: A Systematic review. Universal Journal of Public Health, 11 (1), 78-88. https://doi.org/10.13189/ujph.2023.11 0109
Buysse, DJ., Reynolds, CF., Monk, TH., Berman, SR., Kupfer, DJ. (1989). The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI): A new instrument for psychiatric research and practice. Psychiatry Research. 28: 193- 213. doi:10.1016/0165-1781(89)90047-4
Camacho, D. (2020). Loneliness And Chronic Pain among US Community-Dwelling US Older Adults: Is There A Relationship? Is there Variability by Race/Ethnicity?. (Doctoral Dissertation). Columbia University. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.7916/d8-a672-4z15
Chew, S. M., Lee, J. H., Lim, S. F., Liew, M. J., Xu, Y., & Towle, R. M. (2021). Prevalence and predictors of medication non-adherence among older community-dwelling people with chronic disease in Singapore. Journal of advanced nursing, 77 (10), 4069–4080. https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.14913
Corbo, I., Forte, G., Favieri, F., & Casagrande, M. (2023). Poor Sleep Quality in Aging: The Association with Mental Health. International journal of environmental research and public health, 20 (3), 1661. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20031661
Dagnino, A. P. A., & Campos, M. M. (2022). Chronic Pain in the Elderly: Mechanisms and Perspectives. Frontiers in human neuroscience, 16, 736688. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2022.736688.
Di Benedetto, M., Towt, C. J., & Jackson, M. L. (2019). A Cluster Analysis of Sleep Quality, Self-Care Behaviors, and Mental Health Risk in Australian University Students. Behavioral Sleep Medicine, 18 (3), 309–320. https://doi.org/10.1080/15402002.2019.1580194
Ismail, AMA. (2023). Complementary role of Benson's relaxation technique in post orgasmic illness syndrome. Aging Male, 26 (1): 2174511.
Kakazu, V. A., Pinto, R. Z., Dokkedal-Silva, V., Fernandes, G. L., Gobbi, C., Andersen, M. L., Tufik, S., Pires, G. N., & Morelhão, P. K. (2022). Does poor sleep quality and excessive daytime sleepiness influence fear of falling among older adults? A cross-sectional study. Sleep and biological rhythms, 20 (2), 287–295. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41105-021-00368-z.
Khazaeepool, M., & Naghibi, S. A. (2022). Correlates and barriers of social participation in elderly living in Mazandaran, Iran. Payesh (Health Monitor), 21 (2), 183-196.
Kim, M.; Opsasnick, L.; Batio, S.; Benavente, J.Y.; Bonham, M.; Zheng, P.; Lovett, R.M.; Bailey, S.C.; Kwasny, M.; Ladner, D.P.; et al. (2023). Trajectories of Sleep Disturbance and Self-Management of Chronic Conditions during COVID-19 among Middle-aged and Older Adults. Scientific Report, 15, 12324. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-96384-x
Lee, E., & Park, E. (2017). Self-care behavior and related factors in older patients with uncontrolled hypertension. Contemporary nurse, 53 (6), 607–621. https://doi.org/10.1080/10376178.2017.1368401
Lopez, A., Simburger, D., Zajacova, A., & Sheehan, C. (2024). Unraveling the link between chronic pain and sleep quality: Insights from a national study. Sleep Epidemiology, 4, 100079. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleepe.2024.100079.
Lu, Y., Xu, J., Zhao, W., Han, HR. (2016). Measuring self-care in persons with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review. Evaluation & the health professions, 39 (2):131-84.
Midao, L., Giardini, A., Menditto, E., Kardas, P., & Costa, E. (2018). Adherence to Medication in Older Adults as a Way to Improve Health Outcomes and Reduce Healthcare System Spending. In G. D’Onofrio, D. Sancarlo, & A. Greco (Eds.), Gerontology (pp. 25–40). https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.72070
Nahin, RL., Feinberg, T., Kapos, FP., Terman, GW. (2023). Estimated rates of incident and persistent chronic pain among US adults, 2019-2020. JAMA Netw Open, 6 (5): e2313563. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.13563. –e2313563.
Nakakubo ,S., Doi, T., Makizako, H., Tsutsumimoto, K., Kurita, S., Kim, M., et al. (2019). Association of sleep condition and social frailty in communitydwelling older people. Geriatrics & Gerontology International,19 (9):885-9. https://doi.org/10.1111/ggi.13734
Reid, MC., Eccleston, Ch., Pillemer, K. (2015). Management of chronic pain in older adults. British Medical Journal, 350 (7995):1-10.
Rong, D. S. Z. (2025). The Social Stratification of Aging and Mental Health: A Cumulative Advantage Perspective. (Thesis). Monash University. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.26180/28169468.v1
Ryou, C., Kang, S.-M., Jang, Y. (2021). Factors associated with self-care behaviours among Koreans with heart failure. European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing, 20, 276–284.
Song, C., Zhang, R., Liao, J., Fu, R., Wang, C., Liu, Q., Song, W., Wang, H., & Dou, K. (2020). Sleep quality and risk of coronary heart disease - a prospective cohort study from the English longitudinal study of ageing. Aging, 12 (24), 25005–25019. https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.103866
Turner, L. J. (2024). Applying a self-regulation framework to an ageing context: The role of psychosocial mechanisms in relationships between self-perceptions of ageing and mental health. (Thesis). University of Wollongong. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10779/uow.27666267.v1
Wang, P., Song, L., Wang, K., Han, X., Cong, L., Wang, Y., Zhang, L., Yan, Z., Tang, S., & Du, Y. (2020). Prevalence and associated factors of poor sleep quality among Chinese older adults living in a rural area: a population-based study. Aging clinical and experimental research, 32 (1), 125–131. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40520-019-01171-0
Wei, M., Adler-Baeder, F., McGill, J. M., & Novak, J. R. (2024). Healthy couple, better sleep: Exploring connections and changes in couple relationship education participants. Family process, 63 (4), 1753–1774. https://doi.org/10.1111/famp.12987
Ye, J., Jia, X., Zhang, J., Guo, K. (2022). Effect of physical exercise on sleep quality of college students: chain intermediary effect of mindfulness and ruminative thinking. Frontiers in psychology. 13:987537. 10.3389/fpsyg. 9]87537
Zhang, G., Zhang, Q., & Li, F. (2024). The impact of spiritual care on the psychological health and quality of life of adults with heart failure: a systematic review of randomized trials. Frontiers in medicine, 11, 1334920. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2024.1334920