اثربخشی بسته آموزشی کنترل خشم بر ارتباط‌های میان والد و کودک
الموضوعات : روان شناسی
1 - دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران
الکلمات المفتاحية: مدیریت خشم, رویکرد شناختی ـ رفتاری,
ملخص المقالة :
در مطالعه حاضر، اثربخشی برنامة مداخله‌ای آموزش مدیریت خشم بر والدین مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. 141 نفر شامل 78 پدر و 63 مادر از والدین دانش‌آموزانِ مشغول به تحصیل در مدارس تهران به‌طور داوطلبانه برای شرکت در برنامه آموزشی ثبت‌نام کردند. برای ثبت‌نام شدگان، هفت کارگاه برای (4 گروه از آقایان و 3 گروه از خانم‌ها) با برنامه و شرایط یکسان تشکیل گردید. پدران و مادران در کارگاه‌های مجزا به مدت 7 هفته، (هفته‌ای یک بار در جلسه‌های دو ساعته)، مدیریت خشم را آموزش دیدند. والدین قبل از آموزش و پس از آن، به سیاهه حالت ـ صفت خشم اسپیلبرگر پاسخ دادند. براساس نتايج حاصل از آزمون t وابسته، در انتهای آموزش، خلق و خوی خشمگینانه و بیان خشم درونی والدین به‌طور معناداری کاهش یافت. همچنین، افزایش معناداری در نمره‌های آنان در کنترل خشم درونی و بیرونی مشاهده شد. علاوه بر این، یافته‌های آزمون t مستقل نشان داد که در خرده‌مقیاس‌های صفت خشم (خلق و خوی خشمگینانه و واکنش خشمگینانه) و کنترل بیرونی و درونی خشم، بین نمره‌های میانگین‌های پیش‌آزمون و پس‌آزمونِ مادران و پدران تفاوت معناداری وجود دارد.
المصادر:
خداياري‌فرد، محمد؛ غلامعلي لواساني، مسعود؛ اکبري زردخانه، سعید؛ و لياقت، سمیه (1386). گزارش پژوهشي بررسي ويژگيهاي روان‌سنجي و هنجاريابي سياهة ابراز خشم صفت ـ حالت 2 اسپيلبرگر در بين دانشجويان. تهران: دانشگاه تهران.
زماني، نیره (1386). اثربخشي آموزش مديريت خشم بر تعامل مادران با فرزندانِ کم¬توان ذهني و ديرآموز. پايان¬نامه کارشناسي ارشد، دانشکده روان¬شناسي و علوم تربيتي، دانشگاه تهران.
سرمد، زهره؛ بازرگان، عباس؛ و حجازی، الهه (1383). روش¬های تحقیق در علوم رفتاری. تهران: آگاه.
شکوهي¬يکتا، محسن؛ زمانی، نیره؛ و جوادی آسایش، سحرانه (1390). پیگیری تأثیر آموزش-های شناختی ـ رفتاری بر کنترل خشم در معلمان دانش¬آموزان کم¬توان ذهنی. فصلنامه اندیشه¬های نوین تربیتی، 2، 144-127.
شکوهی¬یکتا، محسن؛ زمانی، نیره؛ پرند، اکرم؛ و اکبری، سعید (1389). اثربخشي آموزش مديريت خشم بر خودنظم¬دهي هيجاني والدين. فصلنامه روان¬شناسان ایرانی، 26، 146-137.
شکوهی¬یکتا، محسن؛ زمانی، نیره؛ پرند، اکرم؛ و اکبری، سعید (1389). پیگیری اثربخشی آموزش گروهی مدیریت خشم با رویکرد شناختی ـ رفتاری بر مادران فرزندان کم‌توان ذهنی. مجله علوم روان¬شناختی، 33، 41-25.
شکوهی¬یکتا؛ محسن؛ زمانی، نیره؛ و پرند، اکرم (1387). تأثير آموزش مديريت خشم بر تعامل مادران با فرزندان کم‌توان‌ذهني. مجله علوم روانشناختی، 28، 447-432.
طاهری، زهرا؛ مرادی، علیرضا؛ و سلیمی، حسن (1387). تأثیر اموزش بستة کنترل پرخاشگری والدین بر اساس نظریه گلاسر بر سلامت فرزندان. سومین کنگره ملی آسیب شناسی خانواده. تهران: دانشگاه شهید بهشتی.
Ateah, C. A., Secco, K. L., & Woodgate, R. L. (2003). The risks and alternatives to physical punishment use with children. Journal of Pediatric Healthcare, 23, 123-132.
Barefoot, J. C., Peterson, B. L., Dahlstrom, W. G., Siegler, I. C., Anderson, N. B., & Williams, R. B., Jr. (1991). Hostility patterns and health implications: Correlates of Cook-Medley Hostility Scale scores in a national survey. Health Psychology, 10, 18-24.
Beck, R., & Ferandez, E. (1998).Cognitive-behavioral therapy in the treatment of anger: A meta-analysis. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 22, 63-74.
Belanger, C., Laughrea, K., & Lafontaine, M. F. (2001). The impact of anger on sexual satisfaction in marriage. The Canadian Journal of Human Sexuality, 3-4, 91-99.
Cummings, E. M., Kouros, C. D., & Papp, L. M. (2007). Marital aggression and children's responses to everyday interparental conflict. European Psychologist, 12, 17-28.
Donohue, B., Tracy, K., & Gorney, S. (2009). Anger (negative impulse) control. O'Donohue, W. T. &, Fisher, J. E. (Eds), General principles and empirically supported techniques of cognitive behavior therapy. (pp.
115-123). H.NJ: John Wiley & Sons.
Dreman, S. (2005). Family cohesiveness, flexibility, and maternal anger: Boon or detriment to children's adjustment? In C.D.Spielberger& I.G.Sarason (Eds), Stress and emotion: Anxiety, anger, and curisosity. (pp. 179-196). New York: Routledge.
Eaker, E. D., Sullivan, L. M., Kelly-Hayes, M., Agostino, R. B. D., & Benjamin, E. J. (2004). Anger and hostility predict the development of atrial fibrillation. American Heart Association, Online.
Feindler, E. L. (2006). Anger-related disorders: A practitioner's guide to comparative treatments. New York: Springer Publishing Company, Inc.
Fetsch, R. J., Schultz, C. J., & Wahler, J. J. (1999). A preliminary evaluation of the Colorado rethink parenting and anger management program. Child Abuse & Neglect, 23, 353-360.
Fischer, A. H. (2000). Gender and emotion (Social Psychological Perspective). UK: Cambridge.
Greengless, E. R. (2005). The expression and management of anger and hostility: Psychological implications? In C. D. Spielberger & I. G. Sarason (Eds), Stress and emotion: Anxiety, anger, and curisosity (pp. 123-142). New York: Routledge.
Guralnick, M. J. (1997). Second generation research in the field of early intervention. In M. E. Guralinck (Ed.), the effectiveness of early intervention (pp. 3-20). Baltimore: Paul H. Brookes.
Hampton, R. L., Gullotta, T. P., Adams, G. R., Potter, H. E., & Weissberg, R. P. (1993). Issues in Children's and Families' Lives: Family Violence Prevention and Treatment. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
Hatch, H., & Forgays, D. K. (2001). A comparison of older adolescent and adult female’s responses to anger-provoking situations. Adolescence, 36, 557-570.
Hemphill, S. A., & Littlefield, L. (2006). Child and family predictors of therapy outcomes for children with behavioral and emotional problems. Child Psychiatry and Human Development, 36, 329-349.
Hurt, H., Malmud, E., & Brodsky, N. L. (2001).Exposure to violence: Psychological and academic correlates in child witnesses. Archives of Pediatric & Adolescent Medicine, 12, 1351-1356.
Jack, D. C. (2001). Understanding women's anger: A description of relational patterns. Health Care Women International, 22, 385-400.
Jones, M. B., Peacock, M. R., & Christopher, J. (1992). Self-reported anger in black high school adolescents. Journal of Adolescence Health, 13, 461-5.
Julkunen, J., & Ahlstrom, R. (2006). Hostility, anger, and sense of coherence as predictors of health-related quality of life; Results of an ASCOT sub study. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 61, 33-39.
Kassinove, H., Sukhodolsky, D. G., Tsytsarev, S. V., & Solovyova, S. (1997). Self-reported constructions of anger episodes in Russia and America. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality, 12, 301-324.
Lachmund, E., & DiGiuseppe, R. (1997). How clinicians assess anger: Do we need an anger diagnosis? Advances in the diagnosis, assessment, and treatment of angry clients. Symposium held at the Annual Meeting of the American Psychological Association, Chicago.
Lawson, A. E. (2009). Anger management treatment groups in a community mental health setting: A program evaluation. Dissertation Abstracts International, 70, 25-77.
Macvaugh, G. S. (2004). Outcomes of court intervention and diversion programs for domestically violent offenders. http://www.lip.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3143323.
McKay, G. D., & Maybell, S. A. (2004). Calming the family storm:Anger management for moms, dads, and all the kids. Atascadero, CA,: Impact.
Paterson, G. R., DeBaryshe, B. B., & Ramsey, E. (1989). A developmental perspective on antisocial behavior. American Psychologist, 44, 329-335.
Peterson, B. E., Smirles, K. A., &Wentworth, P. A. (1997). Generatively and authoritarianism: Implications for personality, political involvement, and parenting. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 72, 1202-1216.
Pilet, G. A. (2002). Efficacy of adult psychoedcation in an anger management portion of a domestic violence treatment program. http://www.lip.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3052663.
Ravello, G. (2000). Prevention of child abuse and neglect: Anger management
for expectant mothers involved in home-visitation programs. Dissertation
Abstracts International: Section B. The Sciences and Engineering, 61, 547.
Renk, K., Phares, V., & Epps, J. (1999). The relationship between parental
Anger and behavior problems in children and adolescents. Journal of Family Psychology, 13, 209-227.
Sanders, M. R., Pidgin, A. M., Gravestock, F., Connors, M. D., Brown, S., & Young, R.W. (2004). Does parental attribution retraining and anger management enhance the effects of the Triple P-Positive Parenting Program with parents at risk of child maltreatment? Behavior Therapy, 35, 513-535.
Sedlar, G., & Hansen, D. J. (2001). Anger, child behavior, and family distress: Further evaluation of the Parental Anger Inventory. Journal of Family Violence, 16, 361-373.
Shokoohi-Yekta, M., Behpajooh, A., Ghobari-Bonab, B., Zamani, N., & Parand, A. (2010). Instructing anger management skills for mothers of mentally retarded children: effects on mother-child relationship. World Conference on Psychology, Counseling & Guidance, (April 21-25), Antalya: Turkey.
Shokoohi-Yekta, M., Parand, A. & Zamani, N. (2010). Anger management instruction for mothers: A cognitive behavioral approach. World Conference on Psychology, Counseling & Guidance, (April 21-25), Antalya: Turkey.
Shokoohi-Yekta, M., Zamani, N., & Parand, A. (2008). Effect of anger management training on mother-child interaction. 10th International Congress of Behavioral Medicine, (August 27-30), Tokyo: Japan.
Shokoohi-Yekta, M., Zamani, N., & Parand, A. (2010). Efficacy of anger management training based on cognitive-behavioral approach on mothers of children with mental retardation: 1-year follow-up. World Conference on Psychology, Counseling & Guidance, (April 21-25), Antalya: Turkey.
Smith, B. A., Kinney, T. A., & Donzella, B. (2001). The Influences of gender, self-discrepancies and self-awareness on anger and verball aggressivensess among U.S college students. The Journal of Social Psyhology, 141, 245-275.
Smith, C. (2004). Fireworks. Retrieved September 12, 2006, from URL: http://www.ksu.edu/wwparent/courses/index.htm.
Son, J.Y., & Choi, Y. J. (2009). The effects of an anger management program for family members of patients with alcohol use disorders. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing, 1, 38-45.
Spielberger, C. D. (1999). Manual for the State Trait-Anger Expression Inventory-2. Odessa, FL: Psychlogical Assessment Resources.
Susman, E. J. (2006). Psychobiology of persistent antisocial behavior: Stress, early vulnerabilities, and the attenuation hypothesis. Neuroscience and Behavioral Reviews, 30, 376-389.
Taylor, J. L., & Novaco, R. W. (2005). Anger treatment for people with developmental disabilities. West Sussex: John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Thomas, S. P. (2001). Teaching healthy anger management. Perspectives in Psychiatric Care, 37, 41-48.
Thomas, S. P., & Williams, R. L. (1990). Gender differences in modes of anger expression: Health implications. Paper presented at the 11th Annual Meeting of the Society of Behavioral Medicine, Chicago.
Thompson, R. A., Christiansen, E. H., Jackson, S., Wyatt, J. M., Colman, R. A., Peterson, R. L.,Wilcox, B. L., & Buckendahl, C.W. (1999). Parent attitudes and discipline practices: Profiles and correlates in a nationally representative sample. Child Maltreatment, 4, 316-330.
Yarcheski, A., Mahon, N. E., & Yarcheski, T. J. (2002). Anger in early adolescent boys and girls with health manifestations. Nursing Research, 51, 229-36.
خداياري‌فرد، محمد؛ غلامعلي لواساني، مسعود؛ اکبري زردخانه، سعید؛ و لياقت، سمیه (1386). گزارش پژوهشي بررسي ويژگيهاي روان‌سنجي و هنجاريابي سياهة ابراز خشم صفت ـ حالت 2 اسپيلبرگر در بين دانشجويان. تهران: دانشگاه تهران.
زماني، نیره (1386). اثربخشي آموزش مديريت خشم بر تعامل مادران با فرزندانِ کم¬توان ذهني و ديرآموز. پايان¬نامه کارشناسي ارشد، دانشکده روان¬شناسي و علوم تربيتي، دانشگاه تهران.
سرمد، زهره؛ بازرگان، عباس؛ و حجازی، الهه (1383). روش¬های تحقیق در علوم رفتاری. تهران: آگاه.
شکوهي¬يکتا، محسن؛ زمانی، نیره؛ و جوادی آسایش، سحرانه (1390). پیگیری تأثیر آموزش-های شناختی ـ رفتاری بر کنترل خشم در معلمان دانش¬آموزان کم¬توان ذهنی. فصلنامه اندیشه¬های نوین تربیتی، 2، 144-127.
شکوهی¬یکتا، محسن؛ زمانی، نیره؛ پرند، اکرم؛ و اکبری، سعید (1389). اثربخشي آموزش مديريت خشم بر خودنظم¬دهي هيجاني والدين. فصلنامه روان¬شناسان ایرانی، 26، 146-137.
شکوهی¬یکتا، محسن؛ زمانی، نیره؛ پرند، اکرم؛ و اکبری، سعید (1389). پیگیری اثربخشی آموزش گروهی مدیریت خشم با رویکرد شناختی ـ رفتاری بر مادران فرزندان کم‌توان ذهنی. مجله علوم روان¬شناختی، 33، 41-25.
شکوهی¬یکتا؛ محسن؛ زمانی، نیره؛ و پرند، اکرم (1387). تأثير آموزش مديريت خشم بر تعامل مادران با فرزندان کم‌توان‌ذهني. مجله علوم روانشناختی، 28، 447-432.
طاهری، زهرا؛ مرادی، علیرضا؛ و سلیمی، حسن (1387). تأثیر اموزش بستة کنترل پرخاشگری والدین بر اساس نظریه گلاسر بر سلامت فرزندان. سومین کنگره ملی آسیب شناسی خانواده. تهران: دانشگاه شهید بهشتی.
Ateah, C. A., Secco, K. L., & Woodgate, R. L. (2003). The risks and alternatives to physical punishment use with children. Journal of Pediatric Healthcare, 23, 123-132.
Barefoot, J. C., Peterson, B. L., Dahlstrom, W. G., Siegler, I. C., Anderson, N. B., & Williams, R. B., Jr. (1991). Hostility patterns and health implications: Correlates of Cook-Medley Hostility Scale scores in a national survey. Health Psychology, 10, 18-24.
Beck, R., & Ferandez, E. (1998).Cognitive-behavioral therapy in the treatment of anger: A meta-analysis. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 22, 63-74.
Belanger, C., Laughrea, K., & Lafontaine, M. F. (2001). The impact of anger on sexual satisfaction in marriage. The Canadian Journal of Human Sexuality, 3-4, 91-99.
Cummings, E. M., Kouros, C. D., & Papp, L. M. (2007). Marital aggression and children's responses to everyday interparental conflict. European Psychologist, 12, 17-28.
Donohue, B., Tracy, K., & Gorney, S. (2009). Anger (negative impulse) control. O'Donohue, W. T. &, Fisher, J. E. (Eds), General principles and empirically supported techniques of cognitive behavior therapy. (pp.
115-123). H.NJ: John Wiley & Sons.
Dreman, S. (2005). Family cohesiveness, flexibility, and maternal anger: Boon or detriment to children's adjustment? In C.D.Spielberger& I.G.Sarason (Eds), Stress and emotion: Anxiety, anger, and curisosity. (pp. 179-196). New York: Routledge.
Eaker, E. D., Sullivan, L. M., Kelly-Hayes, M., Agostino, R. B. D., & Benjamin, E. J. (2004). Anger and hostility predict the development of atrial fibrillation. American Heart Association, Online.
Feindler, E. L. (2006). Anger-related disorders: A practitioner's guide to comparative treatments. New York: Springer Publishing Company, Inc.
Fetsch, R. J., Schultz, C. J., & Wahler, J. J. (1999). A preliminary evaluation of the Colorado rethink parenting and anger management program. Child Abuse & Neglect, 23, 353-360.
Fischer, A. H. (2000). Gender and emotion (Social Psychological Perspective). UK: Cambridge.
Greengless, E. R. (2005). The expression and management of anger and hostility: Psychological implications? In C. D. Spielberger & I. G. Sarason (Eds), Stress and emotion: Anxiety, anger, and curisosity (pp. 123-142). New York: Routledge.
Guralnick, M. J. (1997). Second generation research in the field of early intervention. In M. E. Guralinck (Ed.), the effectiveness of early intervention (pp. 3-20). Baltimore: Paul H. Brookes.
Hampton, R. L., Gullotta, T. P., Adams, G. R., Potter, H. E., & Weissberg, R. P. (1993). Issues in Children's and Families' Lives: Family Violence Prevention and Treatment. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
Hatch, H., & Forgays, D. K. (2001). A comparison of older adolescent and adult female’s responses to anger-provoking situations. Adolescence, 36, 557-570.
Hemphill, S. A., & Littlefield, L. (2006). Child and family predictors of therapy outcomes for children with behavioral and emotional problems. Child Psychiatry and Human Development, 36, 329-349.
Hurt, H., Malmud, E., & Brodsky, N. L. (2001).Exposure to violence: Psychological and academic correlates in child witnesses. Archives of Pediatric & Adolescent Medicine, 12, 1351-1356.
Jack, D. C. (2001). Understanding women's anger: A description of relational patterns. Health Care Women International, 22, 385-400.
Jones, M. B., Peacock, M. R., & Christopher, J. (1992). Self-reported anger in black high school adolescents. Journal of Adolescence Health, 13, 461-5.
Julkunen, J., & Ahlstrom, R. (2006). Hostility, anger, and sense of coherence as predictors of health-related quality of life; Results of an ASCOT sub study. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 61, 33-39.
Kassinove, H., Sukhodolsky, D. G., Tsytsarev, S. V., & Solovyova, S. (1997). Self-reported constructions of anger episodes in Russia and America. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality, 12, 301-324.
Lachmund, E., & DiGiuseppe, R. (1997). How clinicians assess anger: Do we need an anger diagnosis? Advances in the diagnosis, assessment, and treatment of angry clients. Symposium held at the Annual Meeting of the American Psychological Association, Chicago.
Lawson, A. E. (2009). Anger management treatment groups in a community mental health setting: A program evaluation. Dissertation Abstracts International, 70, 25-77.
Macvaugh, G. S. (2004). Outcomes of court intervention and diversion programs for domestically violent offenders. http://www.lip.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3143323.
McKay, G. D., & Maybell, S. A. (2004). Calming the family storm:Anger management for moms, dads, and all the kids. Atascadero, CA,: Impact.
Paterson, G. R., DeBaryshe, B. B., & Ramsey, E. (1989). A developmental perspective on antisocial behavior. American Psychologist, 44, 329-335.
Peterson, B. E., Smirles, K. A., &Wentworth, P. A. (1997). Generatively and authoritarianism: Implications for personality, political involvement, and parenting. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 72, 1202-1216.
Pilet, G. A. (2002). Efficacy of adult psychoedcation in an anger management portion of a domestic violence treatment program. http://www.lip.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3052663.
Ravello, G. (2000). Prevention of child abuse and neglect: Anger management
for expectant mothers involved in home-visitation programs. Dissertation
Abstracts International: Section B. The Sciences and Engineering, 61, 547.
Renk, K., Phares, V., & Epps, J. (1999). The relationship between parental
Anger and behavior problems in children and adolescents. Journal of Family Psychology, 13, 209-227.
Sanders, M. R., Pidgin, A. M., Gravestock, F., Connors, M. D., Brown, S., & Young, R.W. (2004). Does parental attribution retraining and anger management enhance the effects of the Triple P-Positive Parenting Program with parents at risk of child maltreatment? Behavior Therapy, 35, 513-535.
Sedlar, G., & Hansen, D. J. (2001). Anger, child behavior, and family distress: Further evaluation of the Parental Anger Inventory. Journal of Family Violence, 16, 361-373.
Shokoohi-Yekta, M., Behpajooh, A., Ghobari-Bonab, B., Zamani, N., & Parand, A. (2010). Instructing anger management skills for mothers of mentally retarded children: effects on mother-child relationship. World Conference on Psychology, Counseling & Guidance, (April 21-25), Antalya: Turkey.
Shokoohi-Yekta, M., Parand, A. & Zamani, N. (2010). Anger management instruction for mothers: A cognitive behavioral approach. World Conference on Psychology, Counseling & Guidance, (April 21-25), Antalya: Turkey.
Shokoohi-Yekta, M., Zamani, N., & Parand, A. (2008). Effect of anger management training on mother-child interaction. 10th International Congress of Behavioral Medicine, (August 27-30), Tokyo: Japan.
Shokoohi-Yekta, M., Zamani, N., & Parand, A. (2010). Efficacy of anger management training based on cognitive-behavioral approach on mothers of children with mental retardation: 1-year follow-up. World Conference on Psychology, Counseling & Guidance, (April 21-25), Antalya: Turkey.
Smith, B. A., Kinney, T. A., & Donzella, B. (2001). The Influences of gender, self-discrepancies and self-awareness on anger and verball aggressivensess among U.S college students. The Journal of Social Psyhology, 141, 245-275.
Smith, C. (2004). Fireworks. Retrieved September 12, 2006, from URL: http://www.ksu.edu/wwparent/courses/index.htm.
Son, J.Y., & Choi, Y. J. (2009). The effects of an anger management program for family members of patients with alcohol use disorders. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing, 1, 38-45.
Spielberger, C. D. (1999). Manual for the State Trait-Anger Expression Inventory-2. Odessa, FL: Psychlogical Assessment Resources.
Susman, E. J. (2006). Psychobiology of persistent antisocial behavior: Stress, early vulnerabilities, and the attenuation hypothesis. Neuroscience and Behavioral Reviews, 30, 376-389.
Taylor, J. L., & Novaco, R. W. (2005). Anger treatment for people with developmental disabilities. West Sussex: John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Thomas, S. P. (2001). Teaching healthy anger management. Perspectives in Psychiatric Care, 37, 41-48.
Thomas, S. P., & Williams, R. L. (1990). Gender differences in modes of anger expression: Health implications. Paper presented at the 11th Annual Meeting of the Society of Behavioral Medicine, Chicago.
Thompson, R. A., Christiansen, E. H., Jackson, S., Wyatt, J. M., Colman, R. A., Peterson, R. L.,Wilcox, B. L., & Buckendahl, C.W. (1999). Parent attitudes and discipline practices: Profiles and correlates in a nationally representative sample. Child Maltreatment, 4, 316-330.
Yarcheski, A., Mahon, N. E., & Yarcheski, T. J. (2002). Anger in early adolescent boys and girls with health manifestations. Nursing Research, 51, 229-36.