List of Articles Comparative law Open Access Article Abstract Page Full-Text 1 - A Comparative Study of the Tourism Laws’ Hierarchy and Regulations in Iran and Other Countries Ozra Azizi Ali Asghar Shalbafian aboutaleb ghasemi 10.61186/journalitor.36176.11.23.83 Open Access Article Abstract Page Full-Text 2 - Challenges of Convergence and Divergence in Global Private Law: A Comparative Study in the Context of Contracts and Tort Law Mohammad Taati Sershakeh 10.66224/ahrar.51491.5.9.30 Open Access Article Abstract Page Full-Text 3 - A Comparative Study of the Principles, Objectives, and Structure of Mediation in Iranian and German Law Mojtaba Yavari Open Access Article Abstract Page Full-Text 4 - Comparative Analysis of the Legal Nature of the Contract of Gift in Iranian Civil Law and Western Legal Systems Afrooz Gholamzad Kohnesari Mohsen Khakzad Mostafa Khazal Vashi 10.66224/ahrar.53273.6.12.35 Open Access Article Abstract Page Full-Text 5 - A Comparative Analysis of Silence as Legal Conduct in Pre‑Contractual Negotiations: A Novel Approach Based on Good Faith and Legitimate Reliance Mohammadreza Marzban Moghadam Amin Najafian Fatemeh Shadhan 10.66224/ahrar.53283.6.12.106