The Effects of Fire on Plant Regeneration and Species Diversity in Khorgam Forest, Rudbar
Subject Areas : جنگل ها و منابع طبیعی
Ansar Asali Talkoyi
1
,
Hasan pourbabaei
2
,
Mehrdad Ghodskhah Daryaei
3
1 - MSc., Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Guilan, Guilan, Iran
2 - Professor, Department of Forest Ecology, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Guilan, Guilan, Iran
3 - Associate Professor, Department of Forest Pathology, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Guilan, Guilan, Iran
Keywords: Forest fire, Forest restoration, Tree regeneration, Hyrcanian forests,
Abstract :
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of fire on regeneration and plant species diversity in Khorgam forest, Rudbar city. In order to collect data, systematic-random sampling method with 150× 150 m dimension was used. In order to collect data, 30 sample plots of an area 400 m2 were surveyed. in the control and fire areas. In each sampling plot, all trees with a diameter at breast height (DBH) greater than 7.5 cm were measured. Microplots of 4 m² were used at the center and four corners of each plot to investigate regeneration and herbaceous cover percentage. Then, the number and type of saplings were measured in three classes, height less than 1.30 m, 0-2.5 and 2.5-7.5 cm DBH. Shannon-Wiener, Margalef and Smith-Wilson biodiversity indices were used in this research. For data analysis, statistical tests of Variance (ANOVA), Duncan, and independent t-test for comparing means were used. The results showed that the number of trees in the two fire and control areas is 230.33 and 237 trees per hectare, respectively. Also, the findings indicated that there is a significant difference between the abundance of beech and hornbeam species in the two fire and control areas. There was a significant difference in the tree layer between the fire and the control areas for all three diversity indices. The results of tree regeneration showed that the mean of regeneration in the control area is higher than in the fire area, and there is a significant difference between the two areas statistically. The results of diversity and richness indices in this layer did not reveal significant differences between these indices.
بانج شفیعي، عباس؛ اكبری نیا، مسلم؛ جلال، سید غلامعلي؛ عزیزی، پیروز؛ حسیني، سید محسن ( 1386). تأثیر آتشسوزی بر ساختار جنگل، مطالعه موردی سری 4 چلیر (حوزه 45 گنبد نوشهر)، پژوهش و سازندگی در منابع طبیعي، 20 (76)، 105-112.
باهری، حسن؛ قدس خواه، مهرداد؛ پوربابایی، حسن (1394). تأثیر بلندمدت آتش¬سوزی بر روی پوشش گیاهی و تجدیدحیات راش در جنگلهای کوهستانی، مطالعه موردی: لساکوتی تنکابن. پایان نامه کارشناسی ارشد جنگلشناسی و اکولوژی جنگل، دانشگاه گیلان.
حاجت پور شکاری، نسرین؛ پوربابایی، حسن؛ قدس خواه دریایی، مهرداد؛ اسدی، حامد (1401). اثرات آتش سوزی بر روی پوشش گیاهی در جنگلهای شاندرمن، پژوهش و فناوری محیط زیست، 7(12)، 33-44.
رفیعی، فهیمه؛ اجتهادی، حمید؛ جنگجو، محمد (1393). بررسی تنوع گیاهی در زمانهای مختلف پس از آتش سوزی در یک مرتع نیمه خشک. مجله پژوهشهای گیاهی (مجله زیست شناسی ایران)، 27(5)، 854-864.
طرح جنگلداری انگورچاله (1385). اداره کل منابع طبیعی استان گیلان،250 صفحه.
قاسمی شال، وحید؛ قدس خواه؛ مهرداد، ترکمن؛ جواد (1392). تأثیر آتشسوزی بر روی خصوصیات کمّی و کیفی درختان جنگلی و تجدید حیات آنها (مطالعه موردی در منطقه ماسال- شاندرمن). پایاننامه کارشناسی ارشد جنگلشناسی و اکولوژی جنگل، دانشگاه گیلان.
کریمی، سعیده؛ پوربابایی، حسن (1395). تأثیر آتش¬سوزی بر ساختار و تجدید حیات گونه¬های چوبی در اکوسیستم¬های جنگلی زاگرس میانی (مطالعه مورد یک تنگه بزارخانه کرمانشاه). فصلنامه علمی-پژوهشی تحقیقات حمایت و حفاظت جنگلها و مراتع، 14(2)، 135-122.
نظرپورفرد، کوروش؛ پوربابایی، حسن؛ صالحی، علی؛ پیله¬ور، بابک (1399). تأثیرات آتش¬سوزی در دورههای مختلف زمانی بر ترکیب و تنوع بانک بذر خاک در جنگلهای بلوط لرستان. مجله جنگل ایران، 12(1)، 61 -73.
نعمتی، بهرام؛ قدس خواه دریایی، مهرداد؛ عادل، محمد نقی (1398). تأثیر آتش¬سوزی بر ساختار و زادآوری طبیعی جنگل در جنگل¬های شاندرمن، استان گیلان. مجله پژوهش و توسعه جنگل، 5 (2)، 181-194.
Adamek, M., Hadincová, V., & Wild, J. (2016). Long-term effect of wildfires on temperate Pinus sylvestris forests: Vegetation dynamics and ecosystem resilience. Forest Ecology and Management, 380, 285-295.
Adel, M. N., Pourbabaei, H., Omidi, A., & Dey, D. C. (2013). Forest structure and woody plant species composition after a wildfire in beech forests in the north of Iran. Journal of Forestry Research, 24(2), 255-262.
Adel, M. N., Pourbabaei, H., Omidi, A., & Pothier, D. (2012). Long-term effect of fire on herbaceous species diversity in oriental beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) forests in northern Iran. Forestry Studies in China, 14(4), 260-267.
Bargali, H., Bhatt, D., Sundriyal, R. C., Uniyal, V. P., Pandey, A., & Ranjan, R. (2023). Effect of forest fire on tree diversity and regeneration in the forests of Uttarakhand, Western Himalaya, India. Frontiers in Forests and Global Change, 6, 1198143.
Bennett, L. T., Bruce, M. J., MacHunter, J., Kohout, M., Tanase, M. A., & Aponte, C. (2016). Mortality and recruitment of fire-tolerant eucalypts as influenced by wildfire severity and recent prescribed fire. Forest Ecology and Management, 380, 107-117.
Blanchi, R., Leonard, J., Haynes, K., Opie, K., James, M., & de Oliveira, F. D. (2014). Environmental circumstances surrounding bushfire fatalities in Australia 1901–2011. Environmental Science & Policy, 37, 192-203.
Bonan, G. B. (2008). Forests and climate change: forcings, feedbacks, and the climate benefits of forests. science, 320(5882), 1444-1449.
Brooks, M. L., D'antonio, C. M., Richardson, D. M., Grace, J. B., Keeley, J. E., DiTomaso, J. M., ... & Pyke, D. (2004). Effects of invasive alien plants on fire regimes. BioScience, 54(7), 677-688.
Chaneton, E. J., & Facelli, J. M. (1991). Disturbance effects on plant community diversity: spatial scales and dominance hierarchies. Vegetatio, 93(2), 143-155.
Han, J., Shen, Z., Ying, L., Li, G., & Chen, A. (2015). Early post-fire regeneration of a fire-prone subtropical mixed Yunnan pine forest in Southwest China: Effects of pre-fire vegetation, fire severity and topographic factors. Forest Ecology and Management, 356, 31-40.
Kaczynski, K. M., & Cooper, D. J. (2015). Post-fire response of riparian vegetation in a heavily browsed environment. Forest Ecology and Management, 338, 14-19.
Kalfas, D., Kalogiannidis, S., Chatzitheodoridis, F., & Margaritis, N. (2024). The other side of fire in a changing environment: Evidence from a Mediterranean country. Fire, 7(2), 36.
Karami, P., & Tavakoli, S. (2025). Non-parametric spatiotemporal trends in fire: An approach to identify fire regimes variations and predict seasonal effects of fire in Iran. PloS one, 20(4), e0319993.
Koutsias, N., Arianoutsou, M., Kallimanis, A. S., Mallinis, G., Halley, J. M., & Dimopoulos, P. (2012). Where did the fires burn in Peloponnisos, Greece the summer of 2007? Evidence for a synergy of fuel and weather. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 156, 41-53.
Laughlin, D. C., Bakker, J. D., Stoddard, M. T., Daniels, M. L., Springer, J. D., Gildar, C. N., ... & Covington, W. W. (2004). Toward reference conditions: wildfire effects on flora in an old-growth ponderosa pine forest. Forest Ecology and Management, 199(1), 137-152.
Magurran, A. E. (2021). Measuring biological diversity. Current Biology, 31(19), R1174-R1177.
Mantgem, P. V., Schwartz, M., & Keifer, M. (2001). Monitoring fire effects for managed burns and wildfires: coming to terms with pseudoreplication.
Moreira, F., Delgado, A., Ferreira, S., Borralho, R., Oliveira, N., Inácio, M., ... & Rego, F. (2003). Effects of prescribed fire on vegetation structure and breeding birds in young Pinus pinaster stands of northern Portugal. Forest Ecology and Management, 184(1-3), 225-237.
Pant, S., & Cha, E. J. (2019). Potential changes in hurricane risk profile across the United States coastal regions under climate change scenarios. Structural Safety, 80, 56-65.
Pourtaghi, Z. S., Pourghasemi, H. R., & Rossi, M. (2015). Forest fire susceptibility mapping in the Minudasht forests, Golestan province, Iran. Environmental Earth Sciences, 73(4), 1515-1533.
Rahayu, M. (2023). Symbiocene as an Effort to Build Ecological Balance in Danny Boyle’s The Beach (2000). Teknosastik: Jurnal Bahasa dan Sastra, 21(1), 61-70.
Ray, T., Malasiya, D., Rajpoot, R., Verma, S., Dar, J. A., Dayanandan, A., ... & Khan, M. L. (2021). Impact of forest fire frequency on tree diversity and species regeneration in tropical dry deciduous forest of Panna Tiger Reserve, Madhya Pradesh, India. Journal of Sustainable Forestry, 40(8), 831-845.
Shafiei, A., Beygi Heidarlu, H., & Erfanian, M. (2015). Evaluating the fuzzy weighted linear combination method in forest fire risk mapping (Case study: Sardasht Forests, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran). Journal of wood and forest science and technology, 22(3), 29-52.
Sohrabi, H. (2025). Does UNESCO designation enhance forest protection? Evidence from the Hyrcanian national forest inventory. Trees, Forests and People, 100956.
Yang Yang, Y. Y., Zhang XiTing, Z. X., Xiao Lu, X. L., Yang YanBo, Y. Y., Wang Ke, W. K., Du HongJu, D. H., ... & Wang WenJie, W. W. (2019). Effect of forest-fire rehabilitation time on plant diversity in Daxing'an Mountains, Northeastern China.
Zolghadri, S., Ghodskhah Daryaei, M., Nasirahmadi, K., & Ghajar, E. (2025). Uncovering the hidden patterns of fire risks: A cluster analysis approach (K-Medoids and FCM) for Hyrcanian Forest in Iran. Caspian Journal of Environmental Sciences, 23(2), 481-493.