بررسی تأثیر میکروپلاستیک ها بر صنعت آبزی پروری
الموضوعات : پليمرها و نانوفناوری
زینب سلحشور
1
,
فرزاد مهرجو
2
,
احسان شکری
3
1 - بخش تحقیقات نانوتکنولوژی، پژوهشگاه بیوتکنولوژی کشاورزی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران
2 - گروه علوم و مهندسی آب، دانشکده کشاورزی، مرکز آموزش عالی کاشمر، کاشمر، ایران
3 - بخش تحقیقات نانوتکنولوژی، پژوهشگاه بیوتکنولوژی کشاورزی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران
الکلمات المفتاحية: میکروپلاستیک, آبزی پروری, محیط زیست, صنعت, ماهیگیری,
ملخص المقالة :
آلودگی میکروپلاستیک در محیط آبزیپروری و محصولات آبزیپروری بهطور جهانی گسترش یافته و به روش‌های مختلف به محیط‌های آبزیپروری وارد میشود. میکروپلاستیکها می‌توانند در محصولات آبزیپروری انباشته شوند. از اینرو، می‌توانند بین سطوح تغذیه‌ای از گیاهخواران به گوشتخواران منتقل شوند. همچنین مشکل تجمع آنها در بسیاری از استخرها و اماکن پروش آبزیان وجود دارد. هدف از این مقاله بررسی تأثیر میکروپلاستیکها بر صنعت آبزیپروری و سلامت محیطزیست و انسان بوده است. منابع میکروپلاستیک در آبزیپروری را میتوان به میکروپلاستیکهای وارد شده از محیط خارجی (شامل رودخانه، دریا، خشکی و جو) و طی فرآیند آبزیپروری (شامل کهنگی و سایش وسایل ماهیگیری پلاستیکی، تغذیه و بستهبندی محصولات آبزیپروری) تقسیمبندی کرد. از جمله منابع میکروپلاستیک رودخانه میتوان به پساب‌های صنعتی، فعالیت‌های انسانی، تصفیه‌خانه‌های فاضلاب، فعالیت‌های کشاورزی و غیره اشاره کرد. همچنین در میان فاضلاب‌های صنعتی، فاضلاب نساجی منبع اصلی میکروپلاستیکهای فیبری در رودخانه‌ها بودند. به دلیل غوطهوری طولانیمدت، فرسایش، سایش و برخورد، تورها، طنابهای ماهیگیری، توپهای شناور و سایر محصولات پلاستیکی مورداستفاده برای کشت در قفس و کشت قایق می‌توانند میکروپلاستیک تولید کنند و به محیط آبزیپروری وارد شوند. این آلایندههای پلیمری، اثرات سمی بر روی ریزجلبکهای موجود در آب گذاشته که می‌تواند بر تعادل بومشناختی محیط آبزیپروری تأثیر بگذارد. برخی مطالعات نشان داده‌اند که میکروپلاستیک‌هایی با قطر حداکثر 130 میکرومتر می‌توانند به رگ‌های خونی و غدد لنفاوی پستانداران نفوذ و با گردش خون و لنف به قسمت‌های مختلف بدن منتقل شوند. پس با توجه به تاثیر میکروپلاستیکها بر صنعت آبزیپروری و سلامت انسان و محیطزیست، نیازمند توجه جدی به این موضوع میباشد.
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